How many taxes are we able to set up and link transactions to? We are in Canada, and we have a federal GST tax that applies to all products, but we also have several different provincial taxes that apply to some but not all products. Is this possible?

We have many customers in Canada, and supporting Canadian taxes are not an issue . You would set up taxes in Setup, Taxes . Create tax like GST, HST, PST. To group all the taxes applicable to a province, you would create a tax code that allows you to group multiple taxes together. For example, you can create a tax code called BC Taxes and include GST and PST in it. You can set up the default tax code to apply at  the customer level and also set up the default tax code by product.